Ts Facto Made Godzilla Raids Again Resin Cast Kit
| Godzilla Raids Again | |
|---|---|
| Theatrical release affiche | |
| Japanese | ゴジラの逆襲 |
| Hepburn | Gojira no Gyakushū |
| Directed by | Motoyoshi Oda |
| Screenplay by |
|
| Story by | Shigeru Kayama[1] |
| Produced by | Tomoyuki Tanaka |
| Starring |
|
| Cinematography | Seiichi Endo[one] |
| Music by | Masaru Satō[1] |
| Production | Toho Co., Ltd[1] |
| Distributed by | Toho[1] |
| Release appointment |
|
| Running time | 81 minutes[1] |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |
| Box office | ¥170,000,000 (equivalent to ¥one,048,908,353 in 2019) (Nihon)[2] |
Godzilla Raids Again (Japanese: ゴジラの逆襲, Hepburn: Gojira no Gyakushū , lit. 'Godzilla's Counterattack') is a 1955 Japanese kaiju movie directed by Motoyoshi Oda, with special furnishings by Eiji Tsuburaya. Produced and distributed by Toho Co., Ltd, it is the second picture in the Godzilla franchise. The motion-picture show stars Hiroshi Koizumi, Setsuko Wakayama, Minoru Chiaki, and Takashi Shimura, with Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla and Katsumi Tezuka as Anguirus. In the film, Japan struggles to survive Godzilla's return, also as its destructive battle against its aboriginal foe Anguirus.
Executive producer Iwao Mori instructed producer Tomoyuki Tanaka to immediately commence production on a second Godzilla moving-picture show, fearing to lose the momentum of the first film'south success. Oda was chosen to direct the motion-picture show as Ishirō Honda was busy directing Lovetide.[iii]
Godzilla Raids Once again was released theatrically in Japan on April 24, 1955. A re-edited, English dubbed version was released theatrically in the Usa on June two, 1959, by Warner Bros. Pictures, under the championship Gigantis, the Fire Monster.
The film was followed past King Kong vs. Godzilla, released on Baronial xi, 1962.[iv]
Plot [edit]
Working for the Kaiyo Angling, Inc., a pilot named Shoichi Tsukioka guides a fishing trawler towards a school of Bonito. Koji Kobayashi, another pilot, faces engine troubles and makes an emergency landing on Iwato Isle. Tsukioka is sent to rescue Kobayashi, merely they both run into two giant dinosaur-like creatures locked in battle: Godzilla and a new quadruped monster. The pilots escape as the monsters tumble into the sea.
Tsukioka and Kobayashi get to Osaka to help Dr. Yamane and the regime investigate the encounter. The new monster is identified as an Anklyosaurus and named Anguirus. Dr. Yamane shows the government footage of the first Godzilla'southward assault and notes that it was killed by the Oxygen Destroyer, only its inventor died, and that there are no proven countermeasures left against Godzilla. Dr. Yamane suggests issuing a coma and using drop flares to lure Godzilla away due to the get-go Godzilla beingness sensitive to light.
Tsukioka's girlfriend, Hidemi, expresses her business for Osaka to him, and he reveals that he thought about her when he thought he might die on Iwato Island. They sentry as the Japan Air Self-Defense force Forcefulness (JASDF) takeoff to find Godzilla, just scientists note that information technology may bear witness hard due to the possibility of Godzilla hiding in caves within the seabed. Later on, Godzilla is spotted heading for the Kii Aqueduct between Shikoku and Wakayama Prefecture. Yamaji, Tsukioka's boss and Hidemi's male parent, notes that if Godzilla wrecks havoc in those waters, their fishing company will lose valuable angling ground and strike a blow at production.
Afterward, an alert is issued for the Osaka region as Godzilla changes class for Osaka Bay. The Japan Cocky-Defence force Forces (JSDF) cutting off the lights in the city and lure Godzilla with flares. Tsukioka leaves Hidemi at her home for condom and leaves with Kobayashi to meet Yamaji at his cannery. Convicts escape from their transport and lead law on a chase that ends with a few convicts crashing into an oil refinery, triggering an explosion, while other convicts escape into Osaka. The explosion lures Godzilla dorsum to Osaka, forcing the JSDF to assail it. Attracted by the flares, Anguirus emerges and engages Godzilla. They move their battle throughout the city, destroying Yamaji's cannery and killing the convicts in the procedure. Godzilla kills Anguirus and returns to the sea afterwards burning the body with its atomic breath.
In the aftermath, Yamaji moves operations to Hokkaido to make total utilize of the fisheries and cannery, and likewise sends Kobayashi to guide trawlers. During a company dinner, Tsukioka reunites with Tajima, a friend from college and the war. Kobayashi hints to Hidemi that he's fallen in dearest with a sure woman. The dinner is interrupted by news that a transport was sunk by Godzilla. The following forenoon, Tsukioka helps the JASDF search for Godzilla, and tracks its location to Kamiko Isle. Kobayashi departs to aide Tsukioka, but leaves his notebook behind. Hidemi peaks at the notebook and discovers a pic of her within.
Kobayashi attempts to terminate Godzilla from escaping, just is struck by Godzilla's atomic breath and crashes into the mountaintop, killing him. The crash creates a small avalanche that engulfs Godzilla, inspiring the JASDF to bury it with a bigger avalanche but lack firepower. The JASDF return to base to reload missiles and Tajima reluctantly accepts Tsukioka's request to have him. The JSDF create a wall of fire to block Godzilla'southward escape, while the JASDF trigger avalanches by blasting the mountaintops. Godzilla exhales 1 terminal atomic jiff before existence completely cached by the terminal avalanche triggered by Tsukioka. Relieved, Tsukioka lets Kobayashi'south spirit know that they have finally defeated Godzilla.
Cast [edit]
- Hiroshi Koizumi as Shoichi Tsukioka
- Setsuko Wakayama equally Hidemi Yamaji
- Minoru Chiaki as Koji Kobayashi
- Takashi Shimura every bit Dr. Kyohei Yamane
- Masao Shimizu every bit Zoologist Dr. Tadokoro
- Seijirô Onda as Captain Terasawa, JASDF
- Sônosuke Sawamura as Hokkaido Branch Manager Shingo Shibeki
- Yoshio Tsuchiya as Tajima, JASDF
- Mayuri Mokushô equally Radio Operator Yasuko Inouye
- Minosuke Yamada as Primary of Civil Defense
- Yukio Kasama every bit Kohei Yamaji, President of the Fishery
- Senkichi Ômura as Escaped Convict
- Ren Yamamoto every bit Commander of Landing Craft
- Shin Ôtomo equally Convict Leader
- Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla[5]
- Katsumi Tezuka as Anguirus[5]
Cast taken from Japan'southward Favorite Mon-star, except for the roles of Godzilla and Anguirus.[6]
Production [edit]
Crew [edit]
- Motoyoshi Oda – manager
- Eiji Tsuburaya – special effects director
- Eiji Iwashiro – banana managing director
- Kazuo Baba – production coordinator
- Takeo Kita – art director
- Teruaki Abe – fine art managing director
- Sadamasa Arikawa – special effects photography
- Akira Watanabe – special effects fine art director
- Kiroshi Mukoyama – optical effects
- Masayoshi Onuma – lighting
- Masanobu Miyazawa – sound recording
- Ichiro Mitsunawa – sound effects
Personnel taken from Japan's Favorite Mon-star.[6]
Development [edit]
A few weeks after the release of Godzilla in November 1954, a welcome dwelling party was held for executive producer Iwao Mori. During the party, Mori instructed producer Tomoyuki Tanaka to produce a sequel, due to Mori being pleased with the box part results for the first film.[7] Ishirō Honda was unavailable to return to directly the sequel due to directing Lovetide at the fourth dimension. Japanese publications indicated that Tanaka fastened Motoyoshi Oda to directly the film, rather than waiting for Honda, due to Mori fearing to lose the momentum of the beginning Godzilla motion-picture show's success.[8] Screenwriter Takeo Murata originally wanted to show a scene of chaos and looting in the middle of the monster boxing, but time and budget limitations forced him to drop this idea.[9] The Dinosaur Book by Edwin H. Colbert was used during the film'south conference scene.[x]
Special effects [edit]
In early 1957, Toho shipped the Godzilla and Anguirus suits to Los Angeles for boosted photography for The Volcano Monsters.
The film's special effects were directed by Eiji Tsuburaya.[5] Some of the effects footage was shot at a slower speed, 18 frames per second. Three cameras were set up to capture the effects footage. Ii cameras were set at high speed, while the third was indirectly left at irksome speed. Despite the mistake, Tsuburaya felt the slow speed footage was usable and since so, used dissimilar photographic camera speeds for different scenes. Some Japanese publications identified Yoichi Manoda as the cameraman who accidentally left the third camera on tiresome speed, while others identified Koichi Takano as the culprit.[eleven]
Haruo Nakajima portrayed Godzilla and Katsumi Tezuka portrayed Anguirus, respectively. Nakajima and Tezuka were able to move in the suits more fluidly due to the suits beingness made from lighter materials, also as casting them from plaster molds to fit the adjust performers' physiques. For Godzilla, the new design was sculpted by Teizo Toshimitsu. The Godzilla accommodate was constructed with a cloth-base where latex was applied over it. A motor was congenital into the head to move the eyes and mouth, with the batteries built at the base of the tail. Due to this, Nakajima felt discomfort each time he jumped in the accommodate. For Anguirus, Tezuka had to crawl on his knees with the bottom of his anxiety exposed. The effects crew hid this by placing trees, buildings, and other obstacles in the foreground and filming from certain angles that hid the hind legs.[11]
Manus puppets were built for shut-upward shots. The Godzilla puppet had a spray built in to depict the atomic breath. Some of the monster battles were photographed from low angles to emphasize size and scale. The Osaka miniature set was constructed at Toho's then-new soundstage No. eight, which allowed the effects crew more than space to work in. The Osaka castle miniature failed to crumble equally planned. Wires were attached to the castle that ran beneath the platform. Due to heavy structure, the model failed to collapse even when the accommodate performers rammed into information technology as the crew members pulled the wires. Tsuburaya ordered to "cut" only the crew members did not hear him and the castle model complanate when camera were not rolling. Due to this, the model had to be partially rebuilt. The ice island battle was partially filmed on an outdoor set up. To bury Godzilla in ice, an ice machine was borrowed from the Tokyo skating rink.[9]
For the opening scene, Nakajima and Tezuka were required to be in the suits equally they plummeted into the h2o in order to avoid having the suits bladder upon bear upon. Several handlers were on-set to foreclose Nakajima and Tezuka from drowning.[12] A Godzilla prop equipped with a air current up motor was built to walk during the water ice island scenes, nevertheless, the prop malfunctioned and was filmed in a stationary position instead.[13] Real snow was added for the ice isle set.[xiv] Several shots of Godzilla reacting to the ice canyon explosions were filmed outdoors in order to avoid filming the roof of the studio set.[15]
Release [edit]
Theatrical [edit]
Godzilla Raids Over again was distributed theatrically in Nippon by Toho on April 24, 1955.[1] The film generated 8.3 meg tickets, less than what the first Godzilla film drew but still considered moderate business. The moving picture drew piddling enthusiasm from audiences, the press, and Toho staff. Tanaka afterward admitted that the coiffure had piddling time to prepare and inappreciably considers the film a success.[ix] The Japanese version was released to Japanese speaking theaters in the United states of america prior to the altered American version.[1] The film was Toho'due south fourth highest-grossing movie of the year domestically, and the tenth highest grossing Japanese release domestically.[1]
American version [edit]
American theatrical affiche for Gigantis, the Burn down Monster. Schreibman renamed Godzilla as "Gigantis" in an attempt to pass it off as a brand new monster due to the previous film having killed off Godzilla.
The Due north American rights to the film were purchased past Harry Rybnick, Richard Kay, Edward Barison, Paul Schreibman, and Edmund Goldman, the same producers who acquired the rights to Godzilla and released it equally Godzilla, Male monarch of the Monsters!. Instead of dubbing the motion-picture show, the producers commencement planned to produce a new film titled The Volcano Monsters, while utilizing the effects footage from the original Japanese picture show.[xvi] The producers announced in Variety that filming was expected to commence on June 17, 1957.[17] Rybnick hired Ib Melchior and Edwin Watson to write the screenplay.[16]
Melchior and Watson spent hours watching the Japanese version on a Moviola to build an American story around the footage and to notation downwards footage of the monsters, military mobilization, crowds fleeing, and jets flying and attacking. The duo completed a 129 paged script, dated May seven, 1957, with instructions for the editor of where the Japanese footage was to exist used. In their script, Godzilla and Anguirus were changed to dinosaurs, with Godzilla identified as a female Tyrannosaurus. All shots of Godzilla using his atomic breath were eliminated, to exist replaced with new footage of Godzilla swiping his claws at jets. Panic, disaster, and war machine mobilization scenes from news reels were to be included between the Japanese monster footage. The coma was re-written to signify that the monsters destroyed a power plant. The new effects footage was to be shot at Howard A. Anderson's special effects studio.[xviii]
Toho approved of the idea and in early 1957, shipped the Godzilla and Anguirus suits to Los Angeles for additional photography.[19] While filming Invasion of the Saucer Men, Bob Burns Iii and Paul Blaisdell recalled stumbling upon ii crates holding the Godzilla and Anguirus suits. Burns recalls that the suits were made out of prophylactic over canvas and had already been used due to significant burns and amercement. Howard A. Anderson Jr. told Burns that they recently received them at the fourth dimension and were intended for "shooting some inserts."[20]
Rybnick and Barison initially struck a deal with AB-PT Pictures Corp. to co-finance the film simply the company airtight store in 1957.[sixteen] Schreibman, Goldman, so-new financier Newton P. Jacobs decided to dub the movie instead. Hugo Grimaldi was hired to oversee the dubbing and editing of the film.[21] Masaru Sato's original music was replaced (except for a couple of tracks) with stock music from various libraries, including the MUTEL library, as well as music from films such as Kronos (1957), Projection Moonbase (1958) and The Deerslayer (1957).[22] Godzilla'southward roar was largely replaced with Anguirus' roar. This version had the working title of Godzilla Raids Again, just the motion-picture show was released in May 1959 as Gigantis the Burn Monster on a double-beak with Teenagers from Outer Space.[21] Schreibman took full credit for irresolute Godzilla's name to Gigantis, which was an try to convince audiences that "Gigantis" was a make new monster, stating, "We chosen it 'Gigantis' because nosotros did not want it to exist dislocated with 'Godzilla' [who had clearly been killed irreparably by the oxygenator]." At one bespeak, Schreibman inaccurately told reporters that the original Japanese film was chosen Angirus.[23]
The motion picture was dubbed at Ryder Sound Services in New York and featured the voice talents of Keye Luke, Paul Frees, and George Takei.[24] The English dialogue was based on a loose interpretation, rather than an authentic translation, of the original Japanese dialogue.[25] Credit for the English language dialogue script had not been revealed since the release of the film.[26] According to Takei, the discussion "banana oil" was created by the dub's director due to having difficulty finding a discussion to match the lip movement of the original Japanese word "bakayaro".[27] Takei stated that people laughed during the recording due to the give-and-take being an outdated expression.[28] The English version utilizes stock footage from various films, such as Unknown Island and the first Godzilla flick, as well equally news reels, armed forces footage, the infinite program, and educational films.[29] [xxx]
Prior to the film's release, Schreibman approached Bill Foreman (then-President of Pacific Theaters) and convinced him to buy the theatrical and goggle box rights to both Gigantis and Teenagers from Outer Infinite and helped Foreman sell the theatrical rights to Warner Bros. According to the bargain, Foreman agreed to prove both films in all of his theatres while Warner Bros. would distribute the films to other theatres and were given the American and Latin American theatrical rights to both films for 4 years.[21] The American version of the pic was released theatrically on May 21, 1959, where it played as a double feature with Teenagers from Outer Space.[1]
Later on the film reverted to Foreman and his chaser Harry B. Swerdlow (who became designated owner of both films considering Foreman did not want his proper noun to appear on the copyright notices), they did not pursue any involvement in continuing to sell the goggle box rights, which resulted in Gigantis the Burn down Monster disappearing from American theatres and telly for two decades until the rights reverted to Toho in the mid-1980s.[21]
Critical response [edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the flick has an approval rating of 60% based on ten reviews, with an boilerplate rating of 5.00/10.[31]
From contemporary reviews in the United states of america, Joe R. Patrick of Des Moines Tribune described the picture show every bit "amateurish", finding the acting to be "confined primarily to facial expressions, in tight close-ups" and that the movie "suffers virtually of all from dubbed-in English." The review did praise the animation of the monsters as "at times very good, at other times poor," and concluded that the motion picture was not as well made every bit its double feature, Rodan.[32] Donald Willis of Variety declared the motion picture every bit being "inept and tedious" but alleged the miniature piece of work as "remarkably good" specifically that scenes of "the dinosaur-similar animal crunching his way through houses, traffic and high-tension wires are interesting and exciting."[33]
Ishirō Honda (manager of the previous Godzilla moving-picture show) noted that reviews for Godzilla Raids Again were more positive compared to the previous moving-picture show, stating that it was considered "stupid" by the media for a director to add "ideas or themes" into a science fiction pic, he commented, "That'southward why I think that the beginning Godzilla was only considered a 'weird' picture show. That's probably why they liked the second moving-picture show much meliorate."[34] Motion-picture show historian Steve Ryfle noted that some writers felt that while Godzilla (1954) was a metaphor for the Hiroshima bombing, Godzilla Raids Over again serves equally metaphor for the Nagasaki bombing. Ryfle noted the scene of Hidemi gazing at the flames of Osaka strikes parallels with the imagery of a mushroom cloud.[35]
Home media [edit]
Nippon [edit]
In 1982, the Japanese version was released on VHS in Japan by Toho. In 1986, Toho released the film on LaserDisc. In 1991, Toho reissued the film on VHS. In 1993, Toho released a new principal of the film on LaserDisc. In 2001, Toho released the picture show on DVD. In 2005, Toho included the film on the Godzilla Final Box DVD Set. In 2014, Toho released the film on Blu-ray.[36]
U.s.a. and Canada [edit]
In 1989, Video Treasures released the American version on EP and LP VHS in the U.s.a. and Canada.[37] In 2007, Classic Media and Sony BMG Home Entertainment released both the Japanese and American versions on DVD in the United States and Canada. The special features include an sound commentary by Steve Ryfle, a featurette titled The Art of Suit Acting by Ed Godziszewski and Bill Gudmundson, and a slideshow of the moving picture's theatrical posters. Per Toho's asking, the original title card for Gigantis, the Burn down Monster was replaced with a new title carte du jour sporting the motion-picture show'due south official English championship.[38] [39]
In 2017, Janus Films and The Criterion Collection caused the film, as well every bit other Godzilla titles, to stream on Starz and FilmStruck.[40] In 2019, the Japanese version was included as office of a Blu-ray box gear up released by The Criterion Drove, which includes all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.[41] In May 2020, the Japanese version became available on HBO Max upon its launch.[42]
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d e f m h i j thousand Galbraith IV 2008, p. 110.
- ^ "歴代ゴジラ映画作品一覧/年代流行". Nendai Ryuukou. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December ii, 2020.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 61–62.
- ^ Kalat 2010, p. 55.
- ^ a b c Kalat 2010, p. 34.
- ^ a b Ryfle 1998, p. 352.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 61.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 62.
- ^ a b c Ryfle 1998, p. 64.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:11:59.
- ^ a b Ryfle 1998, p. 63.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:09:36.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 01:04:45.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 01:11:23.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 01:13:31.
- ^ a b c Ryfle 1998, p. 67.
- ^ Kalat 2010, p. 37.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 68.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 67-68.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 68-69.
- ^ a b c d Ryfle 1998, p. 72.
- ^ The Missing Music of Gigantis, the Fire Monster
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 74.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 73.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:10:52.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:12:17.
- ^ Burns 2005, 00:15:29.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:18:05.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:00:xl.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:14:34.
- ^ "Godzilla Raids Again". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
- ^ Patrick 1959.
- ^ Willis 1985, p. 138.
- ^ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 107.
- ^ Ryfle 2007, 00:46:l.
- ^ "ゴジラの逆襲". LD, DVD, & Blu-ray Gallery. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 367.
- ^ DeSentis, John (June 4, 2007). "DVD Reviews: Godzilla Raids Once more and Mothra vs. Godzilla". SciFi Japan. Archived from the original on July four, 2019. Retrieved July four, 2019.
- ^ Erickson, Glenn (November 8, 2006). "DVD Savant Review: Godzilla Raids Again". DVD Talk. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ Squires, John (Nov 8, 2017). "Criterion Drove Has Obtained Most of the Shōwa Era 'Godzilla' Films!". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on Baronial 13, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
- ^ Patches, Matt (July 25, 2019). "Benchmark reveals the drove's 1000th disc: the ultimate Godzilla ready". Polygon. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
- ^ Alexander, Julia (May 18, 2020). "Here are the hundreds of classic movies people can stream on HBO Max". The Verge. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
Sources [edit]
- Burns, Kevin (2005). Fauna Icons: It Came from Nippon (Idiot box Special). Animal Planet.
- Galbraith IV, Stuart (2008). The Toho Studios Story: A History and Complete Filmography. Scarecrow Press. ISBN978-1461673743.
- Kalat, David (2010). A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series (Second ed.). McFarland. ISBN9780786447497.
- Lees, J.D.; Cerasini, Marc (1998). The Official Godzilla Compendium. Random House. ISBN0-679-88822-5.
- Patrick, Joe R. (June xi, 1959). "Japanese Attempt Hand at Horror Film". Des Moines Tribune. p. 26. Retrieved October 28, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- Ragone, August (2007). Eiji Tsuburaya: Master of Monsters. Chronicle Books. ISBN978-0-8118-6078-9.
- Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan'southward Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big 1000. ECW Press. ISBN1550223488.
- Ryfle, Steve (2007). Godzilla Raids Once more Audio Commentary (DVD). Classic Media.
- Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Picture, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN978-0-8195-7087-1.
- Solomon, Brian (2017). Godzilla FAQ: all that's left to know virtually the rex of the monsters. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.: Adulation Theatre & Cinema Books. ISBN9781495045684.
- Willis, Donald, ed. (1985). Multifariousness'southward Complete Scientific discipline Fiction Reviews. Garland Publishing Inc. ISBN978-0-8240-6263-seven.
External links [edit]
- Official Godzilla website by Toho
- Godzilla Raids Again at IMDb
- Gigantis, the Fire Monster at AllMovie
- Godzilla Raids Again at Rotten Tomatoes
- Godzilla Raids Over again at the TCM Picture show Database
- ゴジラの逆襲 (Gojira no Gyakushū) at Japanese Movie Database (in Japanese)
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla_Raids_Again
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